How to Use A Les and Other French Contractions

How to Deal with Temper Tantrums - 1146 Words

Children are the bundles of joy of each family. Having a child in a family means laughs, jokes, playing, and a fun time with this child. No matter how bad the day was, as soon as parents see their child smiles, they forget all about the bad day, and smile back at their child. In fact, some parents wish to stay 24 hours with their children to enjoy their first smiles, first laughs, first words, and first steps. For most of them, all their time with their children is enjoyable, except one particular time. When children throw tantrums, when a child whines, cries, screams, throws him/herself on the floor, and maybe runs out of the house with no known reason, most parents wish not to be in their child’s presence because of the screaming. Parents, in order to overcome these tantrums, deal with their children in many different ways. However, the question remains asked over years: What’s the best way to deal with toddlers’ tantrums? Some parents react to a tantrum with yelling and spanking the child to force him/her to stop crying, but the more the parent yells, the more the child cries. In an interview with Cathy W, a mother of a two and half boy, she states about her son, â€Å"When Jove throws a tantrum, I used to respond to that by yelling and him, and even spanking him. Then, I realized that my yelling and spanking don’t solve the problem; they make Jove cries more.† In addition, in a survey between twelve parents, a mother stated that she thought about changing her way of dealingShow MoreRelatedA Toddler Temper Tantrum: Simply Their Way To Verbalize Frustration549 Words   |  3 PagesA Toddler Temper Tantrum: Simply Their Way To Verbalize Frustration There comes a time when every child caregiver experiences a toddler temper tantrum. Understanding why the child is having a tantrum is the first rule of learning how to deal with it. Children are by no means little adults and should not be treated as such. 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But things can get hard when harmless, yet annoying parenting advice comes from your family members or people you know personally. Here are a few tips to help you deal with unwanted parenting advice: 1. Don’t dismiss every advice Parenting is a hard task in itself and it can become harder when you have a bunch of people around you giving directions and instructions. The danger of keeping yourself exposed to a plethoraRead More1.1 Explain the pattern of development in the first three years of life and the skills typically acquired at each stage.1409 Words   |  6 Pagesperform their startle reflex, they will raise their arms and clench their fists. If a baby is held with their feet touching a hard surface they will perform the walking and standing reflex by making stepping movements. At 1 month babies change a great deal, they begin to settle into a pattern and still sleep a lot of the time but they will gradually begin to stay awake for longer periods. They cry to communicate their needs and may vary their cry dependant on a particular need. At this age babies areRead MoreEssay on Faulty Reasoning1203 Words   |  5 Pagesever men before me been so miserable? . Werther is aware of his self-absorption, but he cannot control his turbulent heart. He admits to . . .treating my poor heart like an ailing child; every whim is granted . Werther states in his first letter, How happy I am to be away! My friend, what a thing is the heart of man!. He is like a child, driven by his emotions rather than his intellect. He berates himself for his addiction to lamentation. He states again, I promise I shall improve, and will notRead MorePolicies And Procedures : A Hours Of Operation1261 Words   |  6 Pagesissue in a firm manner. However, we will not threaten or raise our v oice. †¢ Redirect the child to another center. †¢ Document behaviour †¢ Reoccurring behaviours will be discussed with the parent. †¢ If child has a temper tantrum, we may have to have some physical contact if the temper tantrum creates a safety concern for the child, the children in the program or the staff on hand. We will remove or prevent them from the situation by using a gentle but firm approach to protect them and ourselves. WeRead MoreEssay about Psychology: The Study of Behavior and Mental Process1347 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology is the study of behavior and the mental process. The mental process is the steps the mind takes to think, feel, etc., while behavior is just simply how one acts. In the beginning, philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle wrote about the relationship of the body and the soul. Psychologists and medical doctors wondered about the connection between the body and the brain whereas philosophers tried to explain the connections between the mind and the body. Psychologists study the process ofRead More Wild Child Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesof his studies on the childâ⠂¬â„¢s intellectual and social education. Given the time period of the movie Itard had taken the â€Å"wild-child† in under his own care, and helped teach the child to be more civilized, even though he went against the beliefs of how mentally retarded children were to be taken care of during the 18th century. Although most of the medical doctors who had been in contact with the feral child felt that he, who could not speak, and exhibited violent behavior to others, was mentallyRead MorePsychology and Geology965 Words   |  4 Pages Psychology is the study of the mind and the behavior of mammals. Geology is a science that deals with the history of the earth and its life, recorded in rocks. The earth is consistently moving its tectonic plates. Therefore, there may be over 100 earthquakes a day; most of these earthquakes go unnoticed by humans on the crust of the earth. Other earthquakes for example, the one in 2011 located in Japan and the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 ( Earth- Marshak). Unfortunately, many people diedRead MoreMyer Briggs Personality Test : Myer1516 Words   |  7 Pagestrust others more. On a positive note, we have a special place in our hearts for those whom we are close to and those who are able to see our gift and depth of caring. I am always very concerned about how others feel and I dislike hurting people’s feelings. INFJs are sensitive to conflict and can’t deal with it very well and that is the most accurate of everything I have read on INFJs. I learned that I should internalize my anger which I do often or when I am angry because it can cause stress and puts

Rough Draft Home school Versus Public School - Click to Get Solution

Question: Describe about the rough draft of the thesis is based on the compare and contrast about Home school versus Public school? Answer: Introduction The rough draft of the thesis is based on the compare and contrast about Home school versus Public school. There is a discussion about the difference in Home school education and the Public school education. Both education style are having their own advantages and dis advantages. According to the survey (Homeschool World, 2015)in U.S parents are focusing more on home school in comparison to the public school. The thesis consist of the discussion about the impact of home school and public school on success in their life. Home School versus Public School Now a days parents in US are declining more towards the home school education system so that their children are always under their eye(Dougherty, 2002). And are aware of their performance regarding their studies. Home school is the education system in which children are giving education inside the home by their parents or tutor. Home school Home school is now a days famous in US parents. Parents thinking have changed then are trying to provide their children maximum education in the home by the help of any tutor or by themselves(Public Schools, 2012). Parents are always concern about their children so they are declining towards home school education system. There are various advantages and disadvantages of home schooling Advantages The positive environment of home help children to learn and grasp knowledge easily. Parents can motivate their children easily to concentrate on their study in comparison of public school teachers. The basic knowledge regarding subjects can be provided easily by parents with a practical knowledge as well(Homeschool World, 2015). It helps parents to increase their household income level. Disadvantages Parents sometimes are unable to give proper and complete knowledge regarding the every subject. Parents are not certified teachers so the knowledge given by them may not be updated regarding subjects(McKay Guscott, 2005). The home school students may face communication problem in comparison of public school students. Public School Public school are the school which are owned by government or any private organization. The students in public schools belong to different environment and families(Poole, 2009). Public school charges money for providing education to the children as well as they provide the certificate. Advantage of Public school The education provided by the public school are updated and according to the requirement of the student. The teacher of public school are updated regarding their skills and knowledge with a proper certification. The students of public school are confident about their communication skills and knowledge regarding any of their subjects in comparison of home school student(Spring, 2011). Public school is having students from different environment so every student get an advantages of interacting with different environment students and know about their culture and etc. The techniques are different and updated of public school in comparison of home school. The certificate provided by public school is better as home school education do not give any certificate(Spring Spring, 2008). Disadvantages of public school There is a chance that the study material provided by public school is outdated. The techniques used by public school may not be beneficial for the students. As there are many students, the faculty may not be able to concentrate on every students which can demotivate them from studying. The public school teacher sometimes can be unable to identify the weakness of the student regarding any subject(Webb, 2008). Sometimes students are afraid of exposure due to their weakness which a teacher was unable to identify in it which session. In some public school the education fee is so high that parents are unable to pay and their children have to suffer in education. If public school is having negative environment then the students can be harmed from that in a negative way('The role of school and school health services', 2012). There is chance of physical or mental harassment of children in public school which can give a negative impact on the children. Some public school do not allow the physically challenged students in their school which may de motivate a challenged child mentally. Conclusion The rough draft is about the thesis topic. The topic is comparison of home school from public school. Both the education system style is different and they both have disadvantage as well advantages(Ziarnik, 2003). Above in rough draft is a brief discussion about the education systems of US i.e. the public school and the home school education system. Now a days parents of US are adapting more home school education system. References Dougherty, J. (2002). Messages to Send Home to Parents. NASN School Nurse, 17(1), 7-8. doi:10.1177/104747570201700102 Homeschool World,. (2015). Homeschool World - News - Some Fascinating Facts AboutHomeschool vs Public School. Retrieved 1 March 2015, from https://www.home-school.com/news/homeschool-vs-public-school.php McKay, L., Guscott, M. (2005). Home school. Irvine, CA: Saddleback Publishing. Poole, C. (2009). Education versus educacion. [Prescott, AZ: s.n.]. Public Schools,. (2012). Public School vs. Homeschool. Retrieved 1 March 2015, from https://www.publicschools.org/public-school-vs-homeschool/ Spring, J. (2011). The American school. New York: McGraw-Hill. Spring, J., Spring, J. (2008). The American school. Boston: McGraw-Hill. The role of school and school health services. (2012). Public Health Nutrition, 15(8A), 1545-1546. doi:10.1017/s1368980012001723 Webb, C. (2008). Home school. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. Ziarnik, N. (2003). School public libraries. Chicago: American Library Association.

Women Exercising While Pregnant Essay Example

Women Exercising While Pregnant Essay This paper aims to give relevant updates on recent evidence that concerns exercising during pregnancy; this includes effects for the fetus and the mother as well as the frequency, types, duration, rate and intensity of progression depending on the exercise performed. Current research findings on exercising during pregnancy are related with the higher cardiorespiratory fitness, reduction in depression symptoms, preventing lower back pain and urinary incontinence, and cases of the gestational diabetes, subsidized number of pregnant women who needed insulin. However, there is no correlation with the reduction in the preterm birth or birth weight rate. Therefore, the kind of exercise does not show a difference on the results and its intensity must be moderate or mild for the previous sedentary pregnant women and moderate or high for the active women. The exercise suggestions are based on recent guidelines on the low-impact, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least thrice a week. Nonetheless, new guidelines suggest an increment in weekly physical activities expenditure while instilling vigorous exercise as well as adding light training to an exercise routine of the healthy and fit pregnant women. However, cases of other chronic diseases such as hypertension have limited data hence more research has to be carried out to examine safety of this intervention. Nevertheless, physical exercise is advantageous for pregnant women even during their postpartum period. This is not linked with any risks for a newborn and could lead to alterations in lifestyle that show long-term advantages. Chapter One Introduction There is an increased amount of women in developed countries who are overweight or obese in the early pregnancy period. This could lead to severe consequences for immediate as well as long-term health of the expectant mother as well as the fetus. Therefore, pregnancy has been prioritized for application of various interventions that target to minimize unhealthy pregnant women. Pregnancy is a period that is critical and unique in a womans life because they become more receptive to the interventions of behavior change. Promotion of physical activity is the main characteristic of interventions for weight control for pregnant women because it has advantageous effects on the glucose metabolism. Physical activity may improve the outcomes of pregnancy irrespective of weight. However, some research show that pregnant women usually possess lower levels of physical activity and these levels keep on reducing as the woman advances to the later pregnancy stages. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Exercising While Pregnant specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women Exercising While Pregnant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women Exercising While Pregnant specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Currently, the number of expectant mothers that willingly engage in strenuous exercise has increased. Both physical activity and pregnancy increase the metabolic demands of the body but physiological adaptations of the combined demands are not expensively understood. Ultimately, one could expect immense fetal or maternal effects due to the conflicting demands of acute muscle exercising and the pregnant uterus. However, nature has presented various examples whereby intense physical activity during a pregnancy could co-exist with the pregnancys favorable outcome. Hence, further investigation on adaptations to physical activity and exercise in expectant mothers is essential from a physiological viewpoint. Physical fitness and exercise have gained popularity dramatically for the past few decades; they have taken up significant roles in many womens lives. Reproduction and physical activity for healthy women is beneficial for a baby and the mother in several ways. Therefore, a healthy woman who has a normal pregnancy could either continue regular exercises or start a new exercise routine. According to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) and the American Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (ASOG), pregnant women who are normal and health should carry out an exercise regimen. Generally, swimming is seen as a suitable and safe exercise to undertake during pregnancy and the study above shows that swimming was not linked with miscarriage. It should be noted that a reduced rate of the physical activity for many women, the level of activity is usually reduced further throughout the pregnancy and exercise before pregnancy is often not retrieved six months after giving birth (Wolfe, 2008). Among the women that actively engage in exercise before pregnancy, the aspects linked with discontinuing sporting activities during the pregnancy are the same as those for inactiveness both before and after the pregnancy. Therefore, if the exercise during pregnancy is considered healthy for the fetus and the mother, knowledge on an exercise behavior with regards to predictors and pregnancy is useful when it comes to interventions of public health. Generally, there has been increased focus on exercise or physical activity hence it is important to establish guidelines that are e vidence based during a pregnancy period. Pregnancy is considered as a normal physiological form that is characterized by growth of the fetus and the mother. From the moment of conception onwards, a fetus forms into a baby while the mother experiences physiological and physical growth. All mothers desire to have good health for themselves as well as their babies, but there are some women who are concerned about the regular maternal physical activities during pregnancy because it may lead to miscarriage, poor fetal growth, musculoskeletal injury and premature delivery. However, for the normal pregnancies, such concerns have not yet been substantiated. Indeed, the participation in a regular weight-bearing exercise has revealed that it improves the maternal fitness, restricts weight gain with no effect on fetal growth, and hastens the postpartum recovery. Additionally, there are psychological advantages of exercise and this has to be nurtured by any person that cares for a pregnant women. During a first trimester, there are major physiological alterations that take place, even though there are few maternal body changes (Frank Cone, 2011). Therefore, during the low-level exercises, pulse responses and blood pressure are not very different from a woman who is not pregnant, but fatigue could be noticed earlier during the exercise routine. When early pregnancy proceeds, blood volume expands while the uterus keeps on enlarging; here there is minimum weight gain which could vary from zero to eleven pounds. At this time, the fetus undergoes significant growth which includes organ and limb development. Due to this fact, the mother must have balanced nutrition, exercise, rest and hydration. It should be noted that the pregnant mother has to avoid a large increase in body temperature during an exercise routine. When well hydrated and fit pregnant women examine their main body temperatures in an efficient manner they should be able to regulate their body temperatures. The second trimester and third trimester come with dramatic changes in the pregnant womans body. The weight gain varies from 22 to 36 pounds which is normally around the pelvis and abdomen and this alters posture as well as the center of gravity. At this time, exercises that need agility and balance could become harder because of the change in weight distribution for the pregnant woman. Therefore, appropriately adjusted exercise equipment and aquatic exercises can b immensely helpful. The additional caloric demands during this period of pregnancy are greatly variable because the increment of caloric need cannot be accurately estimated. A lot of information exists with regards to the attitudes of pregnant women towards physical activity. Nonetheless, a limited amount of studies highlight the significant limitations to the participation and this includes lack of facilities, time and physical barriers. As a matter of fact, studies show that some pregnant women view physical activity as unsafe for the fetus. Ultimately, few studies have provided elaborate insights into experiences and views of the overweight pregnant women. Chapter Two Literature Review Many studies have shown that when pregnant women exercise, the risk of acquiring various conditions is reduced. For instance, women that exercise during the first trimesters have a great chance of delivering the baby naturally and with regards to the pre-eclampsia, the time seems to be beneficial. Also, such women may seem to have a greater ability to avoid the gestational diabetes. Hence, women that regularly exercise before pregnancy through to the time of delivery are more likely to attain a health benefit. If promoting physical exercise would limit incidences of pre-clampsia, then a first half of the pregnancy is more likely to become the effective period, particularly for the first-time mothers. However, further studies must be carried out to examine the effectiveness of this kind of program. The study will extend the findings of studies that have been done by identifying the controversy and comparing the conflicting findings. Evidence from the scientific studies shows the significant role of the physical activity particularly in the health promotion as well as quality of life. In addition, evidence of control and prevention of various diseases during pregnancy has been shown. Until almost recently, pregnant women were directed to limit their activities as well as interrupt occupational work particularly during the pregnancys final stages (Frank Cone, 2011). However, by the 1990s, practitioners admitted a positive influence resulting from constant physical activity during the gestation period and it has been encouraged. But, this applied only if the woman did not present certain adverse conditions (Frank Cone, 2011). As a matter of fact, there seems to be some kind of consensus that maintenance of a light or moderate exercise during uncomplicated pregnancy gives several benefits for the health of the woman. This has been explained by evidence that proves that exercise causes thermal response as well as circulatory redistribution that shifts blood concentration from a placenta and uterus to extremities. The process assists to reduce as well as prevent lower back pains, foster lower liquid retentions, reduce cardiovascular stress, increase oxygenation capacity, decrease blood pressure, reduce risk of the gestational diabetes, prevent thrombosis and the varicose veins and assists control of gestational weight gain (Connelly, 2009). The benefits also include the emotional aspects because exercise helps to make pregnant women more confident of themselves and satisfied with their appearance, also it raises self-esteem hence reducing chances of post-partum depression. However, the exercise during pregnancy may still raise certain controversies. According to Connelly (2009), the published guidelines and studies on exercise during pregnancy are not enough. On the other hand, Chasan-Taber et al. (n.d) state that even though they are limited, the literature recommends that practicing the moderate exercise while pregnant will not present additional risks and it does not result to unwanted outcomes for both the fetus and the mother. Both researchers still suggest that more studies have to be carried out. The advantages of exercise or physical activity during a gestation period do not seem to be appropriately publicized and some of them consider this theme as a taboo. Most women perceive that physiological limitations presented by the pregnancy hinder them from taking part in programs which enhance regular exercise. Other women perceive that remaining relaxed and rested during pregnancy is more important as compared to exercising or maintaining the active lifestyle. Exercising while pregnant has raised many controversies from researchers and experts but this study aims to carry out systematic reviews of scientific articles on an association between the exercising while pregnant and an occurrence of the maternal-child health results. The review will focus particularly on the aspect of physical activity for pregnant women based on the occupational and leisure-time physical activity. The former includes activities related to an individuals occupation (unpaid or paid), that is, all the activities performed within the work space which includes housework. While leisure-time physical activity refers to activities performed with an aim of promoting health or leisure. According to World Health Organization, exercise plays an important role when it comes to the hindrance of the cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, stroke, breast and colon cancer as well as depression. Previously, women had to limit the physical activity once they got pregnant because of the assumed high risk of the spontaneous abortion as well as preterm birth. Pregnancy is considered as a unique condition that is characterized by the various physiologies in a mother and the concern for the developing fetus; however, this precaution is currently disregarded in general. Today, exercise is an added part of the antenatal care. For instance, the US, Great Britain, Norway, Canada and Denmark recommend that pregnant women should engage in physical activities that is equal to a women who are not pregnant. Apart from general health advantages, the physical activity is linked with favorable effects on the maternal outcomes in the gestation period like pre-clampsia and gestational diab etes (LeMoyne et al., 2012). However, Wang et al. (2015) question the assumed preventive actions on pre-clampsia. When looking at the negative and positive effects of exercise during pregnancy especially on the fetus health, the evidence is usually weak. People have always believed that physical activities may initiate labor activity as well as imminent pre-term birth hence this can only be avoided through bed rest. However, such notions are scientifically proven but they have come up as matters of precaution particularly in the absence of proper treatment actions against the pre-term labor. Moreover, hypotheses that have been presented by Schirmer (2007) show that the physical activity could lead to reduced fetal development because of the redistribution to working muscles rather than the fetus and placenta. Therefore, there are still concerns for an unborn child with regards to a mothers exercising level, and few reviews touch on maternal exercise and the reproductive outcomes. The initial study on the maternal physical activity was examined and the risk of a miscarriage is among the most popular adverse pregnancy results. It was found that an increased risk of a miscarriage among pregnant women who engaged in physical activity was high for the ones in their first trimester (Wang et al., 2015). It was revealed that where was a relation between the level of exercise as well as the risk of a miscarriage. Furthermore, certain kinds of exercise like jogging, racket sports and ball games were found to be closer related to a miscarriage as compared to other activities. A section of this association could be explained by the potential bias because of the retrospective exposure data collected. Nevertheless, studies on the lifestyle aspects in the beginning of pregnancy as well as early fetal loss using data that has been collected prospectively are hard to carry out hence they are rarely done. Generally, swimming is seen as a suitable and safe exercise to undertake during pregnancy and the study above shows that swimming was not linked with miscarriage. It should be noted that a reduced rate of the physical activity for many women, the level of activity is usually reduced further throughout the pregnancy and exercise before pregnancy is often not retrieved six months after giving birth (Wolfe, 2008). Among the women that actively engage in exercise before pregnancy, the aspects linked with discontinuing sporting activities during the pregnancy are the same as those for inactiveness both before and after the pregnancy. Therefore, if the exercise during pregnancy is considered healthy for the fetus and the mother, knowledge on an exercise behavior with regards to predictors and pregnancy is useful when it comes to interventions of public health. Generally, there has been increased focus on exercise or physical activity hence it is important to establish guidelines that are e vidence based during a pregnancy period. Wolfes (2008) findings on physical activity linked with miscarriage along with a sparse knowledge of the possible effects on a fetus of the maternal physical activity came to be the main aims of the study because physical activity has been extremely focused on in the public health. However, it should be noted that just informing women about exercising while pregnant is not enough because of barriers like time and financial constraints and absence of transport and facilities. These pressures could prevent the women from organizing an exercise program. Nevertheless, if a practitioners knowledge is insufficient on whether exercise is valuable during pregnancy, then the pregnant woman may not know the health benefits it has. Hence physical exercise has the ability to enhance the outcomes of physical health during pregnancy. Wang et al. (2015) believe that exercise has to begin in the first trimester of a pregnancy or before the pregnancy in order to get the most benefit. The promotion of physical exercise at the start of the pregnancy seems to be very beneficial particularly to first time mothers. Most of the studies that have been carried out with regards to pregnant women engaging in exercise have been prospective and observational whereby only limited studies were carried out through random trials. Furthermore, the exercises done by pregnant women are not similar in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and type of exercise because they are distinct between studies hence they are hard to compare and quantify. Therefore, fitness for maternal pre-pregnancy varies. According to Schirmer, (2007), these variables are important when it comes to determining the influence of exercise on a fetus and the woman. Moreover, these control groups utilized during the study are not consistent and they range from women that have not exercised before to women that exercised before a pregnancy but stopped exercising during the pregnancy to the women who kept on exercising during the pregnancy. This makes it difficult to compare between various studies. According to LeMoyne et al. (2012) there are several physiological changes that take place during a pregnancy which could affect an exercising pregnant woman. They add that at the beginning of a first trimester blood volume increases, the plasma volume increases as well as the mass of red blood cells; the cardiac output also increases because of the increased stroke volume and heart rate. These changes can be seen in the early first trimester whereby by twelve weeks the increase in cardiac output is up by 35 percent above the pre-pregnancy levels. He concludes that regular exercise can also increase blood volume and cardiac output. There are physiologic changes that can be seen in pregnant women who exercise regular and they are usually amplified. Hughes (2006) says that when comparing women that exercise before a pregnancy, an additional 40 percent increase in the cardiac output is seen in women that keep on exercising while they are pregnant as compared to the women that do not. This effect can also be seen in blood volume that expands up to 20 percent in women that keep on exercising while they are pregnant. Freyder (2009) believes that exercising while pregnant does not just improve fitness, but the women that exercise while pregnant have fewer pregnancy symptoms like somatic complaints, anxiety and insomnia. On the other hand, Evenson Bradley (2010) study showed that the women that kept on exercising for 20 minutes every week have fewer pregnancy symptoms which include heartburn, nausea, lower back pain, leg cramps, ligament pain and so on during the first trimester and third trimester. Women that exercised before pregnancy still have benefits throughout the pregnancy even after they stop exercising. However, these benefits are not as good if they are compared with the women that kept on exercising during the pregnancy. The study also shows that pregnant women that exercised while pregnant but stopped later during pregnancy showed fewer symptoms but with less improvement of the symptoms but noted a subsidized improvement in the symptoms after exercise stopped. Frank Cone (2011) believe that exercising while pregnant improves self-image but after 2 weeks of cessation of physical activity, this positive influence begins to disappear. They prove that women that begin an exercise routine during pregnancy have immense improvement in physical health, muscular strength, body build, energy level and stamina. This information on the maternal weight increase conflict. Various observational studies and two meta-analyses revealed no difference when it came to the maternal weight increase. However, the meta-analyses could not find a distinctiveness between intensity, exercise type, levels of pre-pregnancy fitness or duration when the results were being examined. All of these factors may impact the maternal weight increase. Various observational studies revealed that women that exercise while pregnant gained minimal weight as compared to the control group. The studies involved women that exercised before pregnancy and kept on doing so while they were pregnant. Connelly (2009) carried out an observational study which compares the fit women who kept on exercising three times a week for an average of 30 minutes while in the #7th week of gestation to women that halted exercising while pregnant and revealed that the weight gain rate was the same between both groups in first trimester but this was immensely lesser during the second trimester and the third trimester with regards to those women that kept on exercising. This total weight increase was around 3kgs lesser within the exercise group; hence, it was still in the suggested range of the maternal weigh increase or gain. A study by Chasan-Taber et al. (n.d) showed that around 1.9 kg weight increases in the women that participated in the exercise routine for around 2 hours every week for almost 12 weeks. The weight gain could be due to the amount, timing and intensity of the exercise during the pregnancy. Various studies also show delivery and labor related outcomes with regards to engaging in exercise while pregnant. Chapter Three Methodology The study will be conducted through a search whereby articles will be identified through the literature search of LILACS and MEDLINE databases using key words like exercise or physical activity and gestation or pregnancy. The articles will include those that have been published between the years 2005 to 2015 in English and the will refer to follow-up, case-control and cross-sectional epidemiological studies. The expected principal outcomes of these studies will be gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, miscarriage, gestational weight increase, fetal development or growth, prematurity, mode of delivery or prematurity. The search procedure involves a survey of references that are based on key words that finds 3,300 articles. The references will be sifted using search filters. Articles with abstracts will be read depending on other inclusion criteria that have been verified. The studies will undergo methodological quality based on the fetus and mother outcomes. The studies will be evaluated independently and assessed using Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Then the results will be classified based on the scale to measure the concordance between various evaluation methods. The studies will be organized according to country of origin, publication year, study design (cross-sectional, case control, cohort), sample size, maternal-fetal health outcomes, physical activities measurements, participants age, and results in order to estimate what was used in the scoring and analysis of methodological quality. Later, the studies will be grouped in terms of the ones with similar results depending on the outcome. The objective of this is to facilitate and systematize understanding of the findings of articles that have been reviewed. Moreover, the mean of the total scores that will be assigned to these studies in every group will be calculated. No article will be rejected due to its methodological limitations, but the results will be considered much more consistent in these studies which could receive higher scores. References Chasan-Taber, L, Schmidt, MD, Pekow, P, Sternfeld, B, Manson, J, Markenson, G. (n.d.).Correlates of physical activity in pregnancy among Latina women. 353-363.) Springer New York LLC. Connelly, F. S. (January 01, 2009). Exercising while pregnant.The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,10,9, 358-65. Evenson, K. R., Bradley, C. B. (January 01, 2010). Beliefs about exercise and physical activity among pregnant women.Patient Education and Counseling,79,1, 124-9. Frank, E., Cone, K. (January 01, 2011). Characteristics of pregnant vs. non-pregnant women physicians: findings from the women physicians health study.;International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,;69,;1, 37-46. Freyder, S. C. (March 01, 2009). Literature Review: Exercising While Pregnant.;Journal of Orthopaedic ; Sports Physical Therapy,;10,;9, 358-365. Hughes, H. (2006).;Watercise while you wait: A unique exercise program for pregnant women. Mesa, AZ: HH Books. LeMoyne, Elise L, Curnier, Daniel, St-Jacques, Samuel, ; Ellemberg, Dave. (2012).;The effects of exercise during pregnancy on the newborns brain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd. Schirmer, J. (2007).;High-risk diabetic pregnancy and work: two hard-to-reconcile circumstances. (Revista panamericana de salud publica, 2, 6, 408-14.) ; Wang, Chen, Zhu, Weiwei, Wei, Yumei, Feng, Hui, Su, Rina, ; Yang, Huixia. (2015).Exercise intervention during pregnancy can be used to manage weight gain and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd. Wolfe, L. A. (January 01, 2008). Pregnant Women and Endurance Exercise. 531-546. ;;;;;;;;;; ; ;;;;;; ; ;

An Introduction To Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essays

An Introduction To Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essays An Introduction To Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Paper An Introduction To Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Paper You are working as a Social Worker in a Gateway Team. A referral is received from the PSNI that they attended an incident of domestic abuse the old Saturday eventide. The referral is being made because there are two kids in the family aged 4 old ages and 18 months. Discuss the Main Roles and Responsibilities of the Social Work profession, including Law and Policy, Service User perspectives, the Social Work procedure, and professional moralss and values. Social work involves working with some of the most vulnerable people who have been oppressed or disadvantaged in Society. The function of the Social Worker is to dispute these subjugations to assist service users help themselves. It is about advancing alteration, and is underpinned by Torahs, theories, policies and processs. Social Work as a profession has neer experienced so many alterations in policy and pattern ( Iwaniec and Hill 20099 ) Theory is far from benign and practicians need to guarantee that their apprehension of theory has non stopped, slowed or go misplaced ( Helm 2010 ) although they can non stand for an absolute truth they can assist understand, explicate and convey approximately alteration. ( Howe 1990 ) For the intent of this assignment the premise is that this is a heterosexual married twosome where the hubby is perpetrating domestic force against his married woman. The Gateway squad is the first point of contact when kids are involved, when the referral is made, their input ; although may be short term has a important impact in guaranting the safety of the kids. It is their responsibility to look into, the Social Worker must see this household within twenty four hours or the grounds why this can non be achieved must be clearly recorded ( Crippling, 2003, Recommendation 53 ) It is the Social Workers responsibility to do contact with this household every bit shortly as possible. It may be good to look at the four chief parts of the assisting rhythm which are Assessment, Care Planning, Implementation and Review. ( Taylor and Devine 1993 ) Although Gateway does nt be given to put to death attention programs, except perchance on a short term footing, this rhythm can supply a house foundation for the Social Work procedure. On reception of this referral the Social Work procedure Begins, Social work is neer mechanistic or predictable and any brush is seen as alone, Social Workers need to be decently prepared to guarantee effectual pattern. One of the most of import methods of readying for Social workers is that of Tuning in which should get down when the referral has been received. Shulman ( 1992 ) has described this as affecting attempt from the workers to acquire in touch with possible feelings and concerns the Service User may convey to the assisting brush. This should assist the Social Worker prepare for set abouting the referral with a more nonsubjective attack ; they may fit themselves with information to be provided as a agency of authorising the household such as bureaus they can link with. Social work has been described as a practical moral activity. ( Parrott 2010 3 ) Before go toing any referral it is of import the Social Worker takes into account their ain values, we all have a set of beliefs that influence our actions they relate to what we believe others should make or what we should be making ( Parrott 2010 ) Valuess are influenced by things such as civilization, household, and life experience. As a Social Work practician there is a professional set of values that must be reflected in pattern. It is of import to be cognizant of our ain values and understand that there will be occasions when our personal and professional values will conflict. The Cornerstone of a high quality appraisal is a sound value base, which challenges subjugation and respects single s rights. Middleton ( 1997 ) believes the procedure of appraisal is steadfastly rooted in the context of Social Work values and single difference is cardinal if the procedure is non traveling to disempower the person. Several possible booby traps in doing opinion are identified by Milner and OByrne ( 2009 ) such as, pigeonholing, labelling people and imputing certain features to people because how we perceive they are likely to act, as a Social Worker it is of import to be able to recognize these ruins and seek to avoid them, to guarantee effectual pattern. Our values and positions of childhood can play a portion in the appraisal procedure. ( Helm 2010162 ) Due to the possible hazard to the kids it may be hard to experience regard for the male parent ; he is allegedly transporting out domestic force in the household place, seting both his married woman and kids at hazard from injury. It is of import as a Social Worker to be clear that, although the actions may non be respected it is a professional responsibility to esteem the individuals as an person in their ain right. Recognizing possible value struggles can lend to effectual pattern. Milner and Byrne ( 2009 ) argue appraisal is a cardinal undertaking in societal work pattern. It is an on-going procedure affecting Service User engagement, with the intent of understanding people in relation to their environment. ( Coulshed and Orme, 2006 ) Assessment demands the ability to organize, systemise and rationalise cognition gathered, the Social Worker needs to be sensitive and show the ability to value the singularity of each person assessed. ( Parker and Bradley 200716 ) . Practitioners require the accomplishment and finding to happen methods of communicating to show their competency. ( Thomas and OKane 2000819 ) One of the most controversial and complex countries of Social Work is the appraisal of a kid and their household when there are concerns about the public assistance of the kid. ( Holland 2004 ) So it is of import that all cognition is kept up to day of the month. It is of import that the appraisal ensures full engagement of the household and any important others, portraying regard and consideration, working in partnership with the household will be good. The Social Worker needs to be unfastened and honest and give the household a clear apprehension of the appraisal procedure and their functions within it. In this peculiar instance the exchange theoretical account could be applied, where it is seen that the service user is their ain best expert, the interview should be collaborative, the household will cognize what jobs they are confronting, they will be able to supply their positions on what is go oning. Part of the appraisal procedure would be to garner information, through observation, oppugning and the interview procedure. The Social Worker will necessitate to be cognizant what they are looking to happen out and make up ones mind who they need to talk with, the parents, the kids and any important other that could supply an penetration into the household scene. As Part of the tuning in procedure it is of import that the Social Worker works in partnership with other bureaus as this might assist to acquire a clearer apprehension of the state of affairs, they must intercede with the constabulary as they were the 1s that made the referral and it may besides be good to talk to the household s GP and the wellness visitant, as there is an eighteenth month old kid in the house the wellness visitant may hold made regular visits and could give a good penetration into the household and the kids s development. Observation is a critical component of appraisal ( Holland 2004 ) Detecting the household is a major portion of the appraisal procedure, visualizing how they interact with each-other and how the kids interact with both parents, it is of import to look for marks of break and perchance fear on the portion of the kids. Observation can let the practician to see how the kids s day-to-day life expressions like with peculiar mention to emotional maltreatment and disregard ( Helm 2010 ) as both kids are still immature the usage of observation with mention to the fond regard theory could supply critical information as the fond regard theory focuses on how the kids interact with their parents. The kid s development can be affected by deficiency of fond regard with parents. ( Hirschy and Wilkinson 2009 ) What is being said and what is being done may non be easy to picture, the usage of observation allows the practician to formalize what is being said or it may supply contradictory grounds that needs to be addressed. ( Helm 201057 ) Another important country of the appraisal is the interview procedure. The parents, the kids and any important others, will necessitate to be interviewed in relation to this instance, to supply a holistic position of what is go oning and the consequence it may be holding on the kids. Interviewing others outside the household may do controvsersy with the parents as the Human Rights act ( 1998 ) states people have the right to a private and household life, ( www.legislation.gov.uk ) if there is a possibility the kids are at hazard all avenues need to be assessed. When questioning the parents it is of import that their rights are promoted. Questions need to be suitably structured to guarantee that the household are non oppressed in anyhow. Ethical motives are an of import portion of Social Work ( Banks 2006 ) Harmonizing to the Northern Ireland Social Care Council ( NISCC www.niscc.info ) Social Workers should advance the independency of the Service Users while seeking to guarantee that their behavior does non harm themselves or other people. It is of import to see the female parents position of the state of affairs, although the intent of the Gateway squad is chiefly to look after the public assistance of the kid, they must besides be cognizant of the subjugation being faced by the other members in the household and advance their rights. As the female parent is enduring from domestic force, it may be good to supply her with advice and with information on Women s assistance who provide support for anyone who suffers from domestic force ; it may assist to authorise her and give her a sense of ego finding. She may non wish to go forth for several grounds but she should be cognizant that it is non merely her that is enduring, her kids are every bit good. OLoughlin and OLoughlin ( 2008 ) believe that some female parents sing domestic force may emotionally distance themselves from their kids, ensuing in emotional disregard. Information on certain Torahs could be provided ; one chief order would be The Family Homes and Domestic Violence ( NI ) Order ( 1998 ) which includes two orders, the non-molestation order and the business order. It is utile to supply the household with this information because if the job still persists this jurisprudence gives the authorization for the maltreater to be removed from the place where kids are involved. ( White 2007 ) Supplying this information can authorise the female parent. Women s Aid believes all signifiers of domestic force come from the maltreater s desire for power and control over household members or intimate spouses. ( www.womensaid.org.uk ) . When questioning the male parent it is important the practician is non-judgemental and shows regard, he may see himself as the dominant figure in the household, the thought of male patriarchate may play a portion here therefore it may turn out valuable speaking with the male parent to give advice and supply information on possible choler direction classes that he could go to, which may be of benefit to him and his household. When transporting out appraisal with Children the Social Worker with utilize UNOCINI, which provides the model for measuring and supplying services to kids and their households, by guaranting seasonably high quality appraisals with a focal point on accomplishing good results for kids. It is of import to explicate to the household the intent of UNOCINI. Using the UNOCINI model provides the Social Worker with in-depth cognition of the fortunes at manus and can help the Social Workers function of protagonism, stand foring the positions of the kids. It can assist the Social Worker assess countries such as the kids s development, the household relationships, emotional heat and instruction and acquisition. UNOCINI emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary parts to the holistic appraisal of the kid s demands ( Boginsky 2008 ) such as work with GP and wellness visitant and equal degrees of communicating between Social Work squads and can supply grounds of the degree of aid required. The chief intent of the appraisal is to place possible risked posed to the kids. The Children s ( NI ) Order 1995 is put in topographic point to protect the kid. When measuring a instance like this it is highly of import to understand the Torahs that are important, as Social Work Torahs unpin pattern. The Paramouncy Principle provinces that when a kid s upbringing is being considered, the kid s public assistance will be the paramount consideration. ( White 2007 ) The Social Worker is required to work with and on behalf of the service users. When questioning the kids it is of import that the Social Worker uses appropriate linguistic communication that the kids understand, explain to them why your there and what the state of affairs is. The Children s ( NI ) order ( 1995 ) which states children should be kept informed. ( www.dsspsni.gov.uk ) it is the duty of the Social Worker to guarantee that both the kid s public assistance is protected and their voice is heard. ( Brandon et al 1998 ) The demands of the kids must be recognised. Peoples First NI ( 1995 ) believes that needs led appraisals are the basis of community attention. Children have rights and needs merely similar grownups, to hold their positions and experiencing heard and to be treated with regard they need to be able to speak to grownups they trust. ( Brandon et al 1998 ) By inquiring kids to pass on in ways that suit grownups, such as speaking, reading and authorship, we play to a dult competences and non to those of kids. ( Helm 2010170 ) Social Workers need to be accountable for the quality of their work and should systematically be keeping and bettering their accomplishments ( NISCC www.niscc.info ) In order to guarantee effectual communicating the Social Worker must seek to construct a resonance with the kids ; this could be done through seeking to prosecute their attending, to assist develop a relationship that will assist the Social Worker to larn from the kid. There are possible ways this can be done ; the usage of a basic kit bag may turn out good, incorporating points such as drama people, soft animate beings or soft balls. ( Brandon et al 1998 ) It is critical to seek to understand what is go oning from the kids s positions to assist measure the degree of hazard they face ; kids need to be listened excessively. Domestic force can hold a immense impact on kids of all ages, age can act upon the manner in which kids make sense of their experiences and how they demonstrate certain anxiousnesss. The kids in this household are an baby and a kid of preschool age. Oloughlin and Oloughlin ( 2008 ) believe in state of affairss of domestic force an baby s demands may non be met, such as personal hygiene, cognitive development may be delayed through inconsistent disregard, and they become insecurely affiliated which could set the baby at hazard. Younger kids do non hold the ability to show themselves verbally and research has shown that kids of preschool age tend to be the group to show the most behavioral perturbations ( Hughes 1988 ; Cited by Humphreys and Stanley 2006 20 ) they may go withdrawn and show hapless concentration, which may perchance be identified through observation of the kids. The Social Worker is required to transport out a hazard appraisal in relation to the kids. As this is an alleged instance of domestic force the kids may be at hazard. Brearley s theoretical account of hazard appraisal is a good focal point point as it can assist find the degree of hazard. The four phases of Brearley s theoretical account are predisposing jeopardies ; situational jeopardies ; dangers and strengths, making so may assist inform the Social Worker of the degree of support the household require. Safeguarding the kid is indispensable so it is imperative that a elaborate, good informed appraisal is completed. It is critical to bring out what the kids have seen or heard and if they have of all time been abused themselves, due to the age of the younger kid this may be hard to determine. However the affair with the wellness visitant could supply more information on the kids s well-being and besides their phases of development. Bronfenbrenner s ( 1979 ) theory of ecological development would be a good theory to be cognizant of when detecting the kids. This theory looks at a kid s development within the context of the system of relationships that form his or her environment. He believes that if the relationships in the place interruption down, the kid will non hold the tools to research other parts of their environment. ( Crawford and Walker 2010 ) All kids witnessing domestic force are being emotionally abused ( Women s Aid ) and may be at hazard of injury. Harm is defined in the Children Order as ill-treatment or the damage of wellness or development and from the above statements we can see inauspicious consequence that domestic force within the place can hold on kids. ( Probation Board for Northern Ireland 2006 ) Throughout the appraisal it is critical that the involvements of the kid are ever at the head. Frequent exposure to domestic force can predispose kids to societal, emotional and physical jobs and through this they may larn unhealthy ways of showing choler learning them that it is okay to hit others and to acquire away with it. ( Newman and Newman 20084 ) When the appraisal is completed the Social Worker must enter all inside informations accurately. The practician needs to be unfastened and honest with the household about the information and findings. Review and rating is cardinal to good pattern ( Parker and Bradley 2007 ) The Social Worker must reexamine their appraisal to find the degree of support and protection the kids and the household require. Reflection is required so the Social Worker can find if their pattern could be improved and if they have carried out the appraisal in the best involvements of the kids and the household. If Care planning is required, it is of import that a program is constructed that meets the demands of the household and precautions the well being of the kids. If the appraisal high spots that the kids are in demand ; in concurrence with Hardikers thresholds of intercession, it is possible for the gateway squad to set in a short term program which would put purposes and aims within the household ; to back up them with partnership from other bureaus involved. Gateway merely work on short term footing, if this household necessitate more support a referral will be made to the household intercession squad so they can supply the appropriate support to enable the household to remain together where possible. However if it is a kid protection nature, a instance conference may be required to make up ones mind if the kids should be placed on the kid protection registry. Information should be passed within an appropriate timescale to guarantee that the demands of the household are decently met. Communication between the bureaus is critical to guarantee the correct attention is provided. The Children s ( NI ) Order ( 1995 ) highlight that Parents with kids in demand should be helped to convey up their kids themselves and such aid should be provided in partnership with parents. ( www.dhsspsni.gov.uk ) A societal worker being present at an of import point in another individual s life can do a large difference. ( Parker and Bradley 200790 ) . Although the household can be a beginning of danger to a kid, back uping the household in most instances can be the most productive manner to protect the kid. ( Brandon et al 1998 ) The rules associated with the statute law require practicians to work in partnership with kids and households, ( Helm 2010 ) to heighten the well being of the kids. The cardinal facets of Social Work are the practicians intercessions orientated towards heightening kids s well-being ; guaranting that they grow up in healthy and safe environments ; and developing their full potency. ( Dominelli 200925 ) Owen and Pritchard ( 1993 ) high spot, it is of import that the rights of the parents, the kid and the legal system are balanced and the function of professionals in protecting the rights of kids will be promoted if we actively listen to the voices of kids and take their ideas into consideration when doing determinations can move in the best involvements of the kid. Social Work is complex and diverse and the functions and undertakings allotted to it are every bit varied. ( Parker and Bradley 2007117 ) One of import point to retrieve is that every instance is alone ; everyone should be treated with regard as an person, Social Workers should hold the cognition to cover with the different demands of different state of affairss to guarantee efficient, effectual pattern.

Quotes From The Notebook

Quotes From The Notebook The movie The Notebook is an adaptation of the novel by the same title. This romantic story is told by an old man, Duke, reading to an old woman in a nursing home. The  emotional roller coaster ride of the movie makes us laugh and cry along with the lead characters, Allie and Noah, who fall in love but are separated by her parents. Years later Allie meets a wealthy soldier, Lon, and becomes engaged to him. When Noah returns, she has to choose between the two men. These quotes from The Notebook focus on the miraculous power of love. Duke   It was an improbable romance. He was a country boy. She was from the city. She had the world at her feet while he didnt have two dimes to rub together.Look guys †¦ thats my sweetheart in there. Im not leaving her. This is my home now. Your mother is my home.He [Noah] got the notion into his head that if he restored the old house where they had come that night, Allie would find a way to come back to him. Some called it a labor of love. Others called it something else. But in fact, Noah had gone a little mad.I am no one special. Just a common man with common thoughts. Ive led a common life. There are no monuments dedicated to me and my name will soon be forgotten, but in one respect Ive succeeded as gloriously as anyone who ever lived. Ive loved another with all my heart and soul and for me that has always been enough. Young Noah   Now you know that I want to give you everything you want. But I cant  because theyre  gone... Theyre broken.Its not going to be easy. Its going to be really hard. And were going to have to work on this every day, but I want to do that because I want you. I want all of you, forever, you and me. Noah The best love is the kind that awakens the soul; that makes us reach for more, that plants the fire in our hearts and brings peace to our minds. Thats what I hope to give you forever.I wrote you 365 letters. I wrote you every day for a year. It wasnt over ... it still isnt over.Stop thinking about what I want, what he wants, what your parents want. What do you want?   Allie I want a white house with blue shutters and a room overlooking the river so I can paint.Do you think our love can make miracles?It was real, wasnt it? You and me. Such a long time ago, we were just a couple of kids. But we really loved each other, didnt we?   Allies father Well, in theory, were both millionaires, but in reality, we live with a bunch of whores. Allies Fiancà ©Ã‚   The way I see it, I got three choices. One, I can shoot him. Two, I can kick the crap out of him. Or three, I leave you. Well, all thats no good. You see, cause none of those options gets me you.  [about Noah]

[compare and contrast] OUTLINE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

[compare and contrast] OUTLINE - Essay Example A. From September 29, 2000 to the present, a total of 124 Israeli children were killed in the conflict while 1,463 Palestinian kids died during the same period. This translated to the unfavorable ratio of about 12 Palestinian kids killed for every dead Israeli child (11.8:1). This figure illustrates how unbalanced the conflict is between these two peoples. B. For the same period, some 1,084 Israeli adults died but on the other hand, at least approximately 6,430 adult Palestinians were killed in this conflict. This figure translates to an unfavorable ratio of six Palestinians killed for every Israeli adult who died (5.93:1). It means a war that is unequal in terms of casualties (figures can be higher as not all are accounted for). D. The state of Israel received almost US$3 billion in military aid from the U.S. in the 2011 fiscal year (about US$8.2 million per day!) while Palestine got nothing whatsoever, as in zero, nada, nil or zilch. It is money better spent in America for education and jobs generation. E. There are no Israeli citizens held as prisoners in any Palestinian jails while there are 5,300 Palestinians detained by Israeli authorities for various offenses such as those in prison as political detainees. There might be some Israeli POWS (prisoners of war) held as captured during combat but this is negligible compared to the sheer number of Palestinian civilians that are in Israeli jails without proper charges filed against them and are being held indefinitely. F. No Israeli home has ever been demolished or destroyed by Palestinian authorities while some 24,813 Palestinian houses were ordered demolished by Israeli housing authorities. Israel continues its housing expansion activities in so-called new settlements despite protests. G. The official Israeli unemployment rate is at a manageable 6.4% while Palestinians suffer a 16.5% unemployment rate in the West Bank and worse in Gaza